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INTRODUCTION
Culture is "that complex whole which includes noesis, belief, art, morals, police force, custom and any other capabilities acquired by man as a member of social club." It is "the handiwork of homo and the medium through which he achieves his ends." It is "an organised body of conventional understanding manifest in art and antiquity, which, persisting through tradition, characterises a human being group." It is "the quintessence of all natural goods of the world and of those gifts and qualities which, while. belonging to man, prevarication beyond the immediate sphere of his needs and wants." In sum culture is what we are.
A civilization is a complex man order, ordinarily made up of different cities, with sure characteristics of cultural and technological development. In many parts of the world, early civilizations formed when people began coming together in urban settlements.The give-and-take "civilization" relates to the Latin discussion "civitas" or "city." This is why the well-nigh basic definition of the word "civilization" is "a club made up of cities." But early in the development of the term, sociologists used "civilization" and "civilized society" to differentiate between societies they found culturally superior (which they were often a part of), and those they found culturally inferior (which they referred to equally "savage" or "barbaric" cultures). Still, about sociologists agree on some criteria to ascertain a society as a civilization. Showtime, civilizations have some kind of urban settlements and are not nomadic. With support from the other people living in the settlement, labor is divided upwards into specific jobs (called the segmentation of labor), then non everyone has to focus on growing their own nutrient. From this specialization comes grade construction and government, both aspects of a civilization. Another criterion for civilization is a surplus of food, which comes from having tools to assist in growing crops. Writing, trading, artwork and monuments, and development of science and engineering science are all aspects of civilizations. In sum civilization is what nosotros have.
CULTURE IS WHAT Nosotros ARE

  • Culture is an accumulation which a new generation inherits. Information technology is a heritage into which a child is born. Thus a person lacking in civilisation is an impossibility because individuals of necessity share in the civilization of their group. The essential bespeak in regard to culture is that it is acquired by homo as a member of society and persists through tradition.
  • The essential factor in this acquisition through tradition is the power to learn from the group. Human learns his behaviour and behaviour which is learnt denotes his civilization. Singing, talking, dancing and eating belong to the category of civilisation. Moreover, the behaviours are not his own but are shared by others.
  • They have been transmitted to him by someone, be information technology his schoolhouse instructor, his parents or friend. It is the product of human feel, i.e., it is homo-made. It is the sum of what the group has learned about living together under the particular circumstances, physical and biological, in which information technology has plant itself.
  • Thus culture is a organization of learned behaviour shared by and transmitted among the members of a group. Man begins to learn it since his nascence. By picking up the civilisation and past borer the heritage of his past, human being becomes distinctively human. Homo has, therefore, been called the' culture-begetting animate being.
  • Culture is an acquired quality: Civilization is not innate. Traits learned through socialization, habits and thoughts are what is chosen culture. Civilisation is learned. Whatever behaviour which is socially acquired is called learned behaviour.
  • Culture is social, not individual heritage of man: Information technology is inclusive of the expectations of the members of the groups. It is a social product which is shared by about members of the grouping.
  • Civilisation is idealistic: Culture embodies the ideas and norms of a group. It is a sum-full of the ideal patterns and norms of behaviour of a group. Information technology is the manifestation of human mind in the course of history.
  • Civilisation is the total social heritage: Culture is linked with the by. The past endures because information technology lives in culture. It is passed from one generation to another through traditions and community.
  • Culture fulfills some needs: Civilisation fulfills those upstanding and social needs of the groups which are ends in themselves.
  • Culture is an integrated organization: Culture possesses an social club and system. Its various parts are integrated with each other and whatsoever new element which is introduced is also integrated.
  • Language is the chief vehicle of civilization: Man lives not merely in the present merely too in the past and future. This he is enabled to practise because he possesses language which transmits to him what was learnt in the by and enables him to transmit the accumulated wisdom. Civilisation evolves into more circuitous forms through sectionalisation of labour which develops special skills and increases the interdependence of social club'south members.

CIVILIZATION IS WHAT Nosotros Have

  • Civilization denoted utilitarian things used as apparatus. To understand the term 'culture' clearly information technology would be desirable to distinguish it from 'civilization.' Writers have many unlike concepts of civilisation. Civilisation is considered to take begun at the time of writing and the appearance of metals.
  • As history begins with writing, and so does civilization. Ogburn and Nimkoff conceived of civilization every bit the latter phase of the superorganic civilisation. Some based civilization on civil organization as assorted to clan or kinship organization. Since civil organisation was found more than commonly in big towns, so people living in these towns were called 'civilized.'
  • Others reserve the word 'civilization' for some selected part of a culture. Brooks Adam thinks of civilization as being essentially a highly developed organisation. His concept implies club maintained over an area by governmental power. To Arnold Toynbee, a civilization is essentially a religious and ethical system property sway over an surface area often larger than a state or nation.
  • Such a organization is unified by customs, institutions and ideologies. Some sociologists divide civilization into two parts—the textile and non-textile. By fabric is meant concrete objects, like dwellings, pens, radio, articles of clothing, utensils, tools, books and paintings; by non-material is meant the abstract creations of man such as linguistic communication; literature, scientific discipline, fine art, police force, and religion.
  • The sociologists John Lewis Gillin and John Phillip Gillin employed the term, 'civilisation' to designate the ideas and techniques behind the concrete objects, and "Cultural equipment" to describe the objects themselves. According to them, civilization is a more complex and evolved form of civilisation. MacIver uses the word "Civilization" to denote utilitarian things—the whole mechanism and social organism, techniques and material instruments—which have been devised by human in his try to control the conditions of his life.
  • These things operate as means to ends. They are wanted considering by using them as ways we can secure certain satisfactions. Civilisation in this sense would include the radio, the ballot box, the telephone, track-roads, the schools, the banks and the tractor, etc. All these belong to the realm of civilization. A. W. Green holds that "A culture becomes culture merely when it possesses written language, science, philosophy, every bit specialized sectionalization of labour and a complex technology and political system.
    DIFFERENCES Between CULTURE AND Culture:
  • Civilisation has a precise standard of measurement, but not culture: Civilisation is susceptible of beingness quantitatively measured on the grounds of efficiency. When comparison the products of civilization nosotros can evidence which is superior and which is junior. Their efficiency can be estimated and in fact exist measured. A lorry runs faster than a bullock cart, an aeroplane runs faster than a lorry, a power loom produces more than than a handloom. The tractor is superior to the paw plough. The modern currency system is superior to the barter system. None tin can dispute these facts. Or the contrary, there is no measuring rod by which nosotros can assess the cultural objects. Different ages and different groups accept their own standards of judgments. No discussion well-nigh tastes ; if possible. Thus the paintings of Picasso may appear to some are abomination while to others them are invaluable models of fine art T some Bernard Shaw is a better dramatist than Shakespeare. Some like folk songs, others adopt film songs.
  • Civilization is e'er advancing, simply not civilization: "Culture not merely marches, it marches always ahead, provided at that place is no catastrophic interruption of social continuity in the same direction." Culture "how's a persistent upward tendency. Information technology is unilinear and cumulative and tends to advance indefinitely. Since man invented automobile, it has continuously improved. Similar is the case with other ways of transportation like railway, send, aeroplane which are constantly growing more swift, more efficient and better designed. They are vastly superior to those employed by our ancestors. Civilization, on the other hand, advances slowly and is often subject to retrogression. It does not march assuredly to college or improved standards. Our paintings are not equally good as or better than those of Ajanta Caves. Tin nosotros say that our poetry, drama and literature are superior to those of aboriginal times?
  • Civilization is passed on without try, but not culture: Culture is transmitted on a different principle from that of civilisation. The former tin only exist assimilated past the agreeing. It can be had only past those who are worthy of it. No one without the quality of the artist tin can capeesh art, nor classical music can be judged by those who do not have an ear for it. Civilization in general makes no such demand. Nosotros tin enjoy its products without sharing the capacity which creates them. Everyone can utilise the breeze from a ceiling fan whether he knows the mechanism of the fan or not.
  • The works of civilization can be improved by any torso simply that is not possible in the case of culture: Lesser minds tin improve the work of the not bad inventors, but lesser artists instead of improving may rather spoil the poems of Milton or Tagore. The accomplishments of culture can exist perfected merely past the persons who produced them. Again, the product of the artist is more revelatory of his personality than is that of the technician. Culture, beingness the immediate expression of the human spirit, tin can accelerate only if that spirit is capable of effectively efforts, has itself something more to express.
  • Civilization is external and mechanical while culture is internal and organic: Civilization is inclusive of external things, civilisation is related to internal thoughts, feelings, ideals, values etc. MacIver remarks, "Civilisation is what we have, culture is what we are.' In Mathew Arnold's words, civilisation is "the study of perfection and of harmonious perfection; general perfection and perfection which consists in becoming something, rather than in having something, in an inwards condition of the heed and spirit, non in an outward set of circumstances."
  • Civilization is borrowed without change or loss, but not culture: The transference of civilization from ane generation to another is quick and easy. Given acceptable ways of communication things of civilization can speedily spread to the whole world. Radio, telly. X-ray, automobiles are no longer the monopoly of any one country. The corporate class of manufacture has encroached everywhere on older forms. The manufactory has displaced the domestic system of production. Fifty-fifty the barbarous is ready to surrender the bow and spear and to adopt the gun. The new techniques of constructing buildings and edifice roads nave everywhere been adopted. Civilization, on the other mitt, has an intrinsic quality and can merely be imbibed. It will have a limited appeal. In India we accept borrowed much western civilization, but non western culture. Though there may be some cultural "borrowings" but they are insignificant compared to the borrowings of civilization. It is only a few aspects of culture which are borrowed and even in this act of borrowing, borrowed culture is largely modified by the personality of the borrowers. Thus it is clear that expansion of a culture follows dissimilar principles from those which determine cultural development. Civilization proceeds more than quickly, more simply, less selectively, ever spreading outward from the foci of technological advance.

Civilisation AND Civilisation ARE INTERDEPENDENT :

  • Culture and civilization, different as they are, will hardly be apart from each other. The two are not only interdependent but also interactive. The articles of civilization called artifacts are influenced past civilization called "mentifacts" and culture is influenced by articles of civilization. Man does not but desire a thing merely he wants a thing which may as well be beautiful and appealing to his senses.
    Here culture influences civilization. An automobile or radio may be a useful thing, but the models and terminate are determined by our culture. Similarly, our philosophies, novels, and all our learning have been much influenced by the printing press.
    The tools of the primitive communities are non simply tools, they are more than than that. They are the symbols of culture. The numerous manufactures like pot, clothing, coins, tools, etc. found in excavations reveal the civilisation of primitive people. Also a constitution or code of laws is not only a ways of government, but it at the same time expresses the spirit of a people and is treasured every bit the embodiment of culture. In this way the objects that fall mainly in the realms of culture accept generally a cultural attribute.
  • All the cultural expressions depend on some technical medium and technical process. The expression of art is limited and modified by technical requirements. It is impossible to translate a poem into a foreign language and to give in that language the entire significance of the original blending of meaningful sound and rhythms.
    Often an artist finds himself hampered by the difficulties of expression when he wants to communicate to others some experience he has had or some scene he has witnessed. He has constantly to struggle to master his medium. Thus civilization puts limitations under which nosotros are to live and pursue our satisfactions. Information technology determines the degree in which cultural activity, of any kind, is released or limited.
    Culture Too AFFECTS Culture:
  • The people must interpret their inventions, new devices, techniques and power in the light of the valuations. Every people, and every age had its characteristic means of looking at things, its feature attitudes and its own idea forms and philosophies. Civilisation cannot escape from the influence of the creed and the standards and the styles of age.
  • Culture has a consistency of its own which is sometimes very hard to defeat. Civilization succeeds civilization in case of a clash between the two. Every modify in culture valuations has its repercussions on the civilizational structure of the group. We can say that civilization is a transport "which can set sail to various ports. The port we sail to remains a cultural pick. Without the send we could not sail at all. Co-ordinate to the character of the ship we sail fast or slow, take longer or shorter voyages; our lives are also accommodated to the weather of shipboard and our experiences vary appropriately. But the management in which we travel is not predestinated by the design of the ship. The more than efficient it is, the more ports prevarication inside the range of our choosing. In short, civilization is the driving force of society: culture is its steering wheel."
    CONCLUSION

Not only civilization and culture are interdependent, the 2 are interactive. Culture responds to the stage of technological evolution. Thus the form of literary fine art has been greatly affected past the development of press. Earlier the advent of the cinematograph, the dramatic performances were costly and could exist enjoyed but by a few rich people.
But today through films the performances are enjoyed past a big number of people in different and distant places. The evolution of the ways of communication has had a profound effect on the modes of expression. Culture, equally MacIver points out, is a vehicle of culture. In the past the influence of civilization on culture was less observed, just in our own age, with its rapid technological evolution, the fact has go a commonplace. Our philosophies, arts and ethics are being modified and deflected by our civilisation. Due to the scientific instruments which take given usa amend insight into the universe, nosotros have become less superstitious.